Special physiology
Children differ from adults in their physiology. Their bodies are still in a process of development and undergo numerous changes to grow into an adult body. This includes not only hormonal changes, but also changes in the brain and nervous system, motor skills, and the active and passive musculoskeletal system. The cardiovascular system also undergoes changes during childhood and adolescence, which is why blood pressure, thermoregulation, respiratory rate, and VO2max play a role.
During the lecture, consequences of physical inactivity such as postural weaknesses, overweight, and circulatory regulation disorders are discussed. Participants are informed about the consequences and health risks of these manifestations and learn how to consider them in exercises, as well as other common issues such as childhood asthma and growing pains.
Some characteristics of the special physiology of children include:
- Growth and development: Children undergo a rapid growth and development process in the early years of life, which brings about many changes in body size, shape, and function.
- Hormones: Hormone production and regulation in children differs from that in adults. Hormones play an important role in bone development, metabolism, sexual development, and growth.
- Immune system: Children's immune system is not yet fully developed and therefore more susceptible to infections. It develops throughout childhood and adolescence and is strengthened by exposure to pathogens and vaccinations.
- Respiration: Children have lower lung capacity than adults. Their breathing pattern also differs from that of adults.
- Cardiovascular system: Children's cardiovascular system is not yet fully mature and therefore more sensitive to changes. Children have a higher heart rate and lower stroke volume than adults.
Overall, children have a unique physiology that is constantly changing and evolving. It is important to consider these differences in order to maintain and promote the health and well-being of children.
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